[Forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation]
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Tianshan.com-Xinjiang Daily reporter Xiao Chunfei Yinlu Liu Mengmeng
April day in the world, in Xinjiang, when the Kunlun Mountains at the southern end are already full of flowers and trees, Altay ski enthusiasts at the northern end are still flying passionately, enjoying the fun of ice and snow sports; when Hami at the eastern end is already lighted by thousands of families, and the afterglow of the sunset on the Pamir Plateau at the western end is dyeing the snow peaks of the mountains into golden color.
The concept of geographical Xinjiang is one-sixth of China’s land area, so vast; the concept of historical Xinjiang has written a magnificent epic of migration, settlement, exchange and integration over the past thousands of years, so wonderful!
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has focused on the “two overall situations” and put forward the major original conclusion of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. This is the latest achievement in the sinicization and modernization of Marxist national theory.
Only based on the historical view of the Chinese nation based on the community historical view can we understand Xinjiang, the origin and historical context of Chinese civilization, and the history of the Chinese nation – the history of the integration of all ethnic groups into a diverse and integrated Chinese nation, and the history of the great motherland jointly created, developed and consolidated by all ethnic groups.
Xinjiang is the most important channel for land exchanges between Chinese civilization, and has become a large magnet and melting pot for exchanges between Chinese and Western cultures. China-Europe freight trains are running lightning, truck convoys shuttle and shuttle, international flights take off and land frequently, and the border trade market is full of people… From January to February 2024, the total value of foreign trade imports and exports in Xinjiang was 63.69 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 51.4%. It has achieved double-digit or above year-on-year growth for 28 consecutive months, becoming a veritable golden channel for China’s opening up to the outside world.
The Xinjiang land border is more than 5,700 kilometers long, bordering 8 countries, and has 20 open ports. It is the most convenient land route for China to connect Central Asia, West Asia, South Asia and Europe. likeToday, in southern Xinjiang, the construction of the China-Kyrgyz-Ukraine railway is progressing steadily; in northern Xinjiang, except for the two cross-border railways in Alasankou and Horgos, the third railway between China and Kazakhstan is progressing smoothly. As a cutting-edge portal for China’s opening to the west, Xinjiang can be called “promising future.”
As a once remote inland city, Xinjiang was awakened by the joint construction of the “Belt and Road” initiative and continued its historical glory.
For thousands of years, only Chinese civilization has continued to this day for all ancient civilizations in various regions that have been recorded in history and illuminated the development path of world history. The protection of the geographical environment is a major factor: in the north, there are deserts and Gobi, and further north, there are severe frozen soil; to the west, there are plateaus and mountains, and then to the west, there is an insurmountable roof of the world; to the east and south of the continent are vast oceans. Before the era of geographical discovery from the 15th to the 17th century AD, the outside world could not easily cross the sea to come to China, and only the Xinjiang region in the northwest could lead to the world.
”For a long historical period, Xinjiang is the most important channel for foreign exchanges of Chinese civilization by land.” Wu Xinhua, a researcher at the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said, “Xinjiang is the only place in the Eurasian continent that directly connects East Asia, West Asia, South Asia and Central Asia. It is not only the junction of the huge geographical area of the Eurasian continent, but also the largest channel for exchanges of human civilizations… In terms of East-West civilization exchanges, the new Babaylan has made great contributions.”
”A Persian old Jiadu, listen at night href=”https://comicmov.com/”>BabaylanCome bells to recognize the road. Pick bluestones by the Yu River and collect mulberry and hemp from the eastern country.” People bring goods and ideas to cross the Pamir Plateau, cross the scattered oasis or grassland, and go east through the Hexi Corridor or the Mongolian Plateau, which is the heart of Chinese civilization. Along the way, the Khantengli Peak, Bogda Peak in Tianshan Mountains, and the Mustague Peak in Kunlun Mountains are all important landmarks.
Turpan Museum, a grape vine that was 115 cm long and unearthed from the Yanghai Cemetery in 2003 is lying quietly. After testing, it has a history of 2,300 years, rewrites the history of China’s grape cultivation starting after Zhang Qian’s mission to the Western Regions, and advances my country’s grape cultivation time by at least 200 years. Looking back at that time, grapes from West Asia were brought into Xinjiang, with a lot of drops, sweet and juicy, so that the tomb owner buried the vines with him, looking forward to continuing to enjoy the delicacies in another world.
China has a history of humanity for millions of years, a history of culture for more than 5,000 years, and a history of civilization for more than 5,000 years. The exchange between Xinjiang and the Central Plains began as early as the pre-Qin period. The road of jade, painted pottery, corn, wheat… took shape in exchanges. Some scholars believe that Jiangzhai’s legacyA blue-white jade triangular ornament unearthed from the site (about 6700-6300 years ago) is the first Hetian jade cultural relic to appear in the Central Plains. In 1976, many Chinese jades from the Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang were found in the tomb of the wife of the Shang Wang Wu Ding, who was excavated at the Yin Ruins site in Anyang, Henan.
In 60 BC, the Han Dynasty unified the Western Regions and established the Western Regions Protectorate as a military and political institution to manage the Western Regions. The roads to Xinjiang and Eurasian countries in the Central Plains were smoother, and items with more and more categories and richer levels were circulated on this road. The exchange of civilizations between the East and the West gradually strengthened, like a long river of thought surging in two directions, turbulent in Xinjiang.
”There are only four cultural systems in the world with a long history, a vast territory, a self-contained system and a far-reaching influence: China, India, Greece, and Islam, and there is no fifth one; and there is only one where these four cultural systems converge, namely Dunhuang and Xinjiang regions of China, and there is no second one.” The famous scholar Ji Xianlin said during his lifetime.
Xinjiang is not only a gateway for the exchange of Eastern and Western civilizations, but also an intermediary and hub. The outstanding inclusion of Chinese civilization is fully demonstrated here. In Xinjiang, we can deeply understand why Chinese civilization can evolve into a magnificent and vast civilization system integrating farming, grassland and marine civilizations.
The special geographical environment of Xinjiang is like a huge magnet, attracting multiple cultures and religions to gather, communicate, collide and integrate here. Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Manichaeism, Nestorianism, Islam, etc. have all been spread to Xinjiang one after another. Xinjiang is like a huge furnace again, constantly melting various religions in history, forming a pattern of coexistence of multiple religions.
In 2013, the Xinjiang Archaeological Team of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences showed that this was a 2,500-year-old Zoroastrian (Zoroastrian) ancient tomb site, which was closely linked to the early Zoroastrian culture. Wu Xinhua, who presided over this archaeological excavation, said that as a key area of the Eurasian continental channel, many major events in world history have been carried out in Xinjiang to study the occurrence and development of human civilization. The Xinjiang region of China is an unavoidable and important area. “There is still a lot of work to do in Xinjiang, a civilization intermediary area where ancient civilizations in the Eurasian continent are exchanged and interacting with each other.”
The Quman site is located on the Jirzankal platform on the west bank of the Tashkurgan River. It is surrounded by mountains, showing the majestic and vastness of the Pamir Plateau. Alima, the director of the Pamir Tourism Zone Explanation Group, still remembers the shock when she first came here: a large area on one side of the surface of the tombThe black and white stone strips are laid out of black and white cobblestones, black and white, intersecting each other, giving people a strong sense of light and dark light, representing the Zoroastrian fire worship, light worship, and good god worship. This black and white stone strip remains is also the largest geographic painting of Zoroastrianism that has been discovered on the Eurasian continent.
Although Zoroastrianism has long disappeared, the nations that have believed in Zoroastrianism in Xinjiang history still retain the custom of Zoroastrianism. In some places, brides have to circle the fire before entering their new house; in some places, they will ignite torches on the roof and bonfires outside, and the whole village will shine like daytime. After Alima learned about history, she suddenly realized the origin of many customs in real life.
Any modern civilization is born from the integration of time and is the integration of multicultural elements in history, layer by layer, continuous progress, and continuous integration. The original historical and cultural traces will exist in this modern civilization and will not be completely wiped away. As Engels said, “History is everything to us.”
Time is so wonderful. The lion dance that young people from all over China are now passionate about has been introduced from Xinjiang to the Central Plains in history.
In 87 AD, King Anxi sent envoys to offer lions, and lion dance gradually moved eastward. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was recorded in “The Book of Yuefu Miscellaneous Books: Kucha Tribe”: “The Lion dance of the Five Constant Lions was introduced from Kucha to Chang’an.” In the Tang Dynasty, the “Five-way Lion Dance” was even more popular in Chang’an. The official often organized grand lion dance parties and spread to Japan.
A lion dance clay figurine was found in the ancient tomb of Astana in Turpan. Two performers hidden under the lion’s head and dress exposed their feet.
After the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, as the Chinese immigrants moved south, the lion dance culture was introduced to the Lingnan region, forming today’s Guangdong “Lion Waking”. In 2020, Wei Kaiyuan, a teacher at Xiuquan Foreign Language School in Huadu District, Guangzhou, went to Shufu County, Kashgar Prefecture to participate in Xinjiang aid work. His dream is to let young people in southern Xinjiang practice lion dance, strengthen their bodies, temper their will, and inherit culture, so that this excellent traditional Chinese cultural skill can take root at the foot of Kunlun Mountain again.
”When I was still in elementary school, Teacher Wei told us the historical story of how lion dance was introduced from the Western Regions to the Central Plains a thousand years ago.” Lion dancer Yi Minjiang Tursun said that it was those vivid details that made him and his friends gradually fall in love with dragon and lion dance.
What Wei Kaiyuan is looking forward to has been achieved today. Shufu County has more than 200 dragon and lion teams, and has many dragon and lion cultural schools, achieving full coverage of dragon and lion coaches in all rural primary and secondary schools in the county. This year they plan to participate in the 10th National Middle School Students’ Dragon and Lion Dance Championship. Cinema
After a thousand years, the lion dance has returned to its original point with a new look;A young lion dancer in Xinjiang, listening to the sound of drum beats, still as excited as a thousand years ago.
Xinjiang is a place of continuous migration of people for thousands of years. Communication and integration add vitality to Chinese civilization
Who is the “Emperor Emperor” in “The Record of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty”?
At that time, Xuanzang returned from traveling west to seek scriptures, and Yutian stayed for a long time. The book wrote a lot about this. “The Record of the Western Regions of the Great Tang Dynasty” wrote: “In the past, this country was empty and empty, and there was no one, and Visarman was staying here. Prince Wuyou was judged by the king of Wuyou. King Wuyou was angrily condemned and assisted him, moved his wealthy family, left the north of the snow-capped mountains, and lived in the deserted valleys. He moved people to chase herds, and went to the western boundary to elect the chief tyrants and made him king. At that time, the Emperor’s son of Dongtu was rebelled and moved to the eastern boundary. The subordinates persuaded him to advance and called himself king…” It is said that in the era of King Wuyou (i.e. King Ashoka of India), he exiled a group of wealthy families and crossed the snow-capped mountains from west to east. The Emperor’s son of Dongtu came from east to west. Both sides came to the Hotan area today to settle and become king. The war broke out between the two sides, and the Emperor’s son of Dongtu won.
There is no conclusion in the academic world about the identity of the “Dongtu Emperor’s Son”, and there are sayings of “Di people” and “Qiang people”. Some people believe that the “Dongtu Emperor’s Son” may be the son of Emperor Hong in “Shan Hai Jing” “Huun Dun”, and some people speculate based on the historical fact that King Ashoka of India and Qin Shihuang of China were in the same era: Could the “Dongtu Emperor’s Son” be the prince of Qin Fusu who built the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi at that time? Instead of committing suicide, he led his troops into exile all the way west to Yutian?
Because of the special geographical channel location, Xinjiang has been a multi-ethnic settlement since ancient times. In the Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, various ethnic groups migrated frequently. If we can make a dynamic map of the population migration in ancient Xinjiang, we can see that the long river of time is bustling, some ethnic groups have come, some have left, and some have integrated into other ethnic groups.
In June 2021, an old man with white hair but elegant figure brought her students to Tuyugou, Shanshan County, Turpan City. This was the last time she went to Xinjiang in her life. Shortly after returning to Beijing, she was diagnosed with cancer and died suddenly the following year.
She is Duan Qing, a famous historical linguist, and Ji Xianlin’s favorite disciple. She devoted her whole life to the research of ancient languages and characters, especially the “dead words in the Western Regions”, and Xinjiang is a place where her eyes have never left. Without her, the many ancient languages and characters left on the land of Xinjiang may have been a mystery forever.
The Tuyugou Grottoes and Buddhist Temple ruins were once rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country in 2010. The fragments of the documents found here include Chinese, Sogdian, Tibetan, Uighur, etc., with Buddhist scriptures, secular documents, ancient book annotations, etc. Some documents are preserved in full, and have chronicles inscriptions, which are extremely rich, and are known as the “library library”.
The difficult words and difficult documents are the splendid historical years that Duan Qing wants to restore the most. Because of her accurate interpretation, she presents the colorful life pictures of ancient society to people today.
Duan Qing’s deathAs stated, real exchanges in history occurred during ethnic migration. She studied the migration process of the Scythians recorded in Chinese history, which is known as the Scythians in Greek history. On the grasslands in northern Xinjiang and some oasis areas in southern Xinjiang, she had a Scythian life of different ethnic groups, and later merged into a larger group. In ancient times, people living in the area of Khotan used both Chinese and Khotan. Khotan was very similar to the languages used by the Sai people. The living customs of some people in Khotan were also similar to those of the Sai people, but they did not think they were Sai people. Among the Khotanese documents that have been discovered so far, the writers all call themselves Khotanese people. This is the identity of the various ethnic groups after the integration of generations over the years.
Today in Xinjiang, there are more and more multi-ethnic families, the embedded living of various ethnic groups is becoming more and more extensive, and the in-depth exchanges and integration in work and life are becoming more and more common. When many people encounter the question of “what ethnic group are you?”, they will answer loudly: “I am the Chinese nation!”
This is also a collective identity of Xinjiang as a gathering of multicultural cultures and a gathering of multiple people.
After the founding of New China, from the People’s Liberation Army soldiers “cast swords into plows” to “Eight Thousand Hunan ladies going up to the Tianshan Mountains”, from the young intellectuals rushing to the frontiers, to the hot land of Xinjiang attracting more and more investors… In China, there are not many places like Xinjiang, where people continue to be replenished with fresh blood since ancient times. Due to their vast territory, it is different from big cities like modern Shanghai and contemporary Shenzhen, which are supported by population mobility, and show distinctive characteristics and continue to add vitality to Chinese civilization.
Xinjiang writer Liu Liangcheng once described the “Xinjiang face” in detail.
He said that his appearance gathers the characteristics of various ethnic groups in Xinjiang. “I look like both Uyghur, Kazakh, and a bit like Mongolian, and Hui people are also a bit like that. When I was working in the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, there were often Uyghur, Kazakh, or Mongolian friends who pushed open offices and asked me for a person or something in their language.” Why is this happening? Liu Liangcheng believes that “it is the reason for the eyes. The eyes of people in Xinjiang are indeed related to the distant geographical environment in Xinjiang. If you can’t see the edge at first sight, the sun shines directly, your eyebrows must sink down, and your eyes must also concave inward. Over time, your eye sockets will go deeper and your eyeballs will grow inside, and you will become like this kind of eyes when you look at people…”
Another new Xinjiang writer Li Juan, her mother was in Xinjiang and her grandmother was in Sichuan. When she was a child, Li Juan started to travel between Sichuan and Xinhai, and later in the href=”https://comicmov.com/”>Cinema settled in a remote village in Altay. She said: “In those closed corners I have lived, batches of people flocked in to make a living, but most of them could not bear the hard and lonely reality there. SoonLeaving. All those who stayed were brave enough, strong, optimistic and enthusiastic enough. ”
Geographical environment determines personality. Xinjiang is vast. It is common to drive on the road and not be crowded for hundreds of kilometers. The relationship between people is very different from that of densely populated coastal economically developed regions.
The 63-year-old advertising planner Huang Hongjun is from Taipei City. He has worked and lived in major domestic cities such as Beijing, and has also been in Japan, the United States and other countries for a long time. Three years ago, he came to Xinjiang to participate in a number of projects such as the “Xinjiang Gift” brand building initiated by the Autonomous Region Department of Culture and Tourism.
When asked what attracted Huang Hongjun the most to Xinjiang, he blurted out: “People! ”
”I like to observe people growing here. In the Oabati Tajik Township, Pishan County, young people will bend slightly when greeting the elderly. The gray-haired elderly people will spend more than ten minutes leading the way for strangers. The adults will press their cheeks tightly when hugging them. This kind of respect and trust between people is valuable. “Huang Hongjun sighed.
From ancient times to the present, people who came to Xinjiang and settled down have different purposes: some are to avoid war, some are to guard the border for the country, and some are to make a living for food and clothing – Xinjiang is vast and sparsely populated and rich in resources. How can people not cherish this land, the compatriots on this land?
In the sixth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1867), Agu The Bai invading army entered the northern border from the southern border, and plundered and massacred. In 1870, the militia leader Xu Xuegong led a team to resist. After several years of hard fighting, he finally waited for Zuo Zongtang’s army.
Xu Xuegong’s grandfather turned out to be an officer from Gansu. He was transferred to Xinjiang in 1777, and the family settled here. Xu Xuegong’s brothers were 8, his brother Xuexin and 6 younger brothers Xueming and Xueming. Loyalty, filial piety, learning the grade, learning strategy and learning righteousness all died in the battle to defend his hometown. Although he was a peasant, he loved to read “The Biography of Jingzhong Yue”, generous and generous, and honest as an official. Unfortunately, not many people know his deeds now.
In the eyes of many people, Xinjiang is just “poetry and distant places” and does not fully understand the continuous and profound contribution of this land to Chinese civilization. Therefore, Liu Liangcheng used poetic language and hoped that more people could stand in Xinjiang to look at the entire motherland: “Everyone said that after Xinjiang, they realized how great China is. My understanding is that when they arrived in Xinjiang, you actually stood in the northwest corner of the country and looked east and then the motherland. When you look like this, your eyes were added with one-sixth of the territory of Xinjiang, the culture of Xinjiang for thousands of years, and all the connotations given to us by these cultures. When you stand in Xinjiang and look at the whole of China, there are not only the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in your eyes, but also the Tarim River, the Ertse River, and the Yili River; when you look at China, there are not only the Huangshan Mountain and Lushan Mountain, but also the Tianshan Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, and Altai Mountain… When you look at China like this, this is how you look at China.Of course, China is bigger. If you add one-sixth of Xinjiang’s territory to your heart, your confidence in China will be even greater at this time. ”
Xinjiang is one of the main cultivation and continuation of the Chinese nation’s Han and Tang dynasties, leaving behind a strong spiritual temperament and strong cultural confidence
There is a famous scenic spot in Qitai County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. The movie “Fengshen” was filmed here. In early spring, there is a lot of tourists. While many people visit the magnificent natural scenery, they will also rush to the Shichengzi ruins not far away, feeling the heroic past of nearly two thousand CinemaThe heroic past of “Blooded Lonely City” and “Thunder Rescue” aged nearly two thousand years ago.
Shichengzi ruins are Shule City in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and are located in the place of href=”https://comicmov.com/”>Cinema is located on the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains, surrounded by mountain streams, easy to defend but difficult to attack. In 75 AD, the Huns army attacked Shule City fiercely. Geng Gong, the commander of the Wuji School of the Han Dynasty, led his army to fight bloody battles and refused to surrender. He worked hard for 9 months. In order to satisfy his hunger, the soldiers even cooked armor and crossbow strings made of raw cowhide. At the same time, another Han general Fan Qiang led his troops to rescue. In the end, the two armies met and fought out the Huns’ bag. They surrounded and retreated, and entered Yumen Pass, but only 13 people were left, and they were “clothed and worn, withered.”
In history, Zheng Zhong, the general stationed in Yumen Pass, was moved when he saw the return of these 13 warriors. He personally bathed and changed their clothes and submitted a memorial to the emperor for the 13 warriors: “I respectfully guarded the lonely city with a single soldier. When the Huns were tens of thousands of, they had been trapped for more than a year, and they were exhausted. They dug mountains into wells and cooked crossbows as food. They had no hope of a lifetime. Hundreds of thousands of people were killed and injured in the front and back, and the soldiers were loyal and brave, not ashamed of the Han Dynasty, and their integrity and righteousness had never been seen in ancient and modern times. It is advisable to show his title to be a general with a strong general. ”
Fan Ye, the author of “Book of the Later Han”, ranked Geng Gong and Su Wu, believing that Su Wu had Su Wu in the Western Han Dynasty and Geng Gong in the Eastern Han Dynasty: “I first read Su Wu Biography, and I was moved by the sea of Mao Qionghai and was not ashamed of the great man. Later, when I read about Geng Gong Shule’s affairs, I sighed and burst into tears. Alas, righteousness is more important than life, so is it! ”
”Don’t be ashamed of the great Han Dynasty” “Don’t be ashamed of the great Han Dynasty”, the ten big words, traveling through time, are still moving.
In the Han Dynasty, the Chinese people had a strong sense of national consciousness, a strong sense of national identity and national responsibility for the first time. Their spiritKomiks Strong, proud of heroes and patriotism, the life value orientation of going to the Western Regions to strive to be a hero and consciously serve the country has lasted for more than 400 years.
The Han Dynasty has emerged in many famous generals, but in addition to professional soldiers, the Han Dynasty civil servants were also very strong in making contributions to the frontier. The stories of volunteering are spread all over history books.
Ban Chao, who made unparalleled contributions in the Western Regions, left the allusion of “sending to join the army”. At that time, he said: “A real man has no other ambition, but he should still be a good man.If you follow Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian to make contributions to foreign countries and get a title of marquis, how can you spend a long time between pen and inkstone? “Among his idols, Fu Jiezi also ranks ahead of Zhang Qian. Fu Jiezi was a small civil servant during the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han. At that time, the Western Regions were unstable. Some cities defected to the Huns, looted the Han Dynasty caravans, and killed the Han Dynasty envoy. Fu Jiezi took the initiative and brought only 11 people to capture the thief, capture the king, kill the chicken to warn the monkey, and quickly stabilized the situation. He was later named Marquis of Yiyang. Heroes worshipped and passed on from generation to generation. Wang Wei, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, praised Geng Gong in “The Journey of the Veteran GeneralsKomiks“: “I swear to order Shule to come out of the flying spring, not like Yingchuan to send wine. “The Tang Dynasty poet Xu Hun praised in his poem “The Constant Attendant of Fufangqiu”: “Every time I look forward to the peace of the fire in Penglai, I responded to Ban Chao Dingyuan’s achievements. ”
Bloody, martial, and daring to be the first in the world. The prosperous Tang Dynasty also inherited the spirit of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions.
Yang Jiong, one of the “Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty”, once wrote “It would rather be a centurion than a scholar” to express his desire to join the army and make achievements and guard the border. For a while, the frontier poetry was a grand view. Many literati, like Gao Shi, the male protagonist of the 2023 anime movie “Three Thousand Miles in Chang’an”, went to the Western Regions one after another, with both civil and military affairs, and could “mount a horse and kill a thief, dismount and write poems.”
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In the Tang Dynasty, the central government managed the Western Regions more powerfully, and improved and systematically in terms of power layout, jurisdiction and governance. In 640 AD and 702 AD, the Tang Dynasty established two Protectorate Palaces, Anxi and Beiting, and later upgraded to two Protectorate Palaces, in charge of the vast areas of the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. The Protectorate Palace was the highest military and administrative agency of the Tang Dynasty in the Western Regions. It had a designated official position and full-time position. The Protectorate was under the Protectorate. The Protectorate Palace had a deputy Protectorate and a deputy Protectorate. The Protectorate Palace had 22 governors’ offices, and the Protectorate Palace was Komiks governed 23 governors’ offices. The oasis and grassland areas in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains were all unified.
The Tang Dynasty implemented the prefecture system in ethnic minority settlements west of Yizhou, Xizhou and Tingzhou. Prefectures, prefectures, prefectures, counties were established according to tribes or regions, and local ethnic minority leaders were appointed as governors, governors and other officials. As officials of the Tang Dynasty, they all assumed the obligation to defend the country and send troops to help the war.
Archaeologists From the cultural relics cleared from the Keyakkuduke beacon site in Yuli County, the officials saw the arduous life of soldiers in the Tang Dynasty thousands of years ago – “When the day is the looting and the farming, and when the night is the beacon.” They had to guard the beacon, observe the enemy’s situation, participate in the battle at any time, and participate in the military farming to ensure military supplies, food and clothing, and stabilize the daily lives of the local people of all ethnic groups.
The Tang Dynasty followed the tradition of central governments in the past dynasties to garrison the border and continued to implement military farming in the Western Regions. According to statistics, there were 56 military farming sites in the Anxi Dadu Protectorate, Beiting Dadu Protectorate, and other places at that time.The calculation of 50 hectares per village is 2,800 hectares of farmland. Large-scale farming has promoted the development of social and economic development in the Western Regions and directly maintained political stability.
The documents found in the Keyakkuduk beacon site record the hometowns of the soldiers guarding the border: Shazhou, Hezhou, Qizhou… show that most of them are from the Central Plains. Some soldiers are over 50 years old but cannot change their guards and return to their hometowns because they encounter insufficient troops. But even so, they still hold the tenacious belief of “but letting the flying generals of Longcheng be there, and not teaching Hu horses to cross Yinshan.”
Xinjiang is one of the main cultivation places for the Han and Tang dynasties, and it is also a place where the Han and Tang dynasties are endless. The spirit of the Han and Tang dynasties remembers these two great dynasties in Chinese history, and what is left to future generations is strong spiritual temperament and strong cultural confidence.
The outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion also brought crisis to the stability of the Western Regions. Emperor Suzong of Tang Dynasty drew a large number of defenders from the Anxi Protectorate and Beiting Protectorate to quell the rebellion, resulting in the empty force of the Western Regions. Tubo took the opportunity to invade the Western Regions, blocking the connection between the Western Regions and the central government. Even so, the defenders in various parts of the Western Regions still tried their best to stabilize society and defend the territory of the Tang Dynasty.
In 2022, in the eastern tomb group of Badamu in Turpan, archaeologists from the Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Turpan Academy discovered the tomb of Cheng Huan, who was the deputy captain of the Beiting Protectorate in the Tang Dynasty.
The title of “Tang” or “Tang” is mentioned in the epitaph. It can be seen that Cheng Huan followed his superior Li Yuanzhong, when the country was in crisis, “respect the righteous and firmly guaranteed the border” and stood firm in the Western Regions with his soldiers.
At that time, the central government of the Tang Dynasty completely lost its ties with the Western Regions after the fall of Komiks and Longyou in Hexi. Li Yuanzhong and other lonely troops who stayed in the Western Regions sent envoys to express their conspiracy to contact the court many times, but were blocked from reaching Chang’an every time, “there have been no doubts for more than ten years.” It was not until the second year of Jianzhong in the Tang Dynasty (781 AD), when the messengers sent by Li Yuanzhong and others traveled thousands of miles to the Mongolian Plateau and came to Chang’an through the Uighurs, the court was surprised to find that Anxi and Beiting were still under the control of the remaining troops of the Tang Dynasty…
Li Yuanzhong held the Western Regions for 18 years, advocated frugality, encouraged agriculture and sericulture, and agreed with ethnic minority tribes that were unified in the Tang Dynasty and insisted on confronting Tubo until he died in office. There is no written record of when the white-headed army in the Western Regions he left behind disappeared from history. But the spirit of the Han and Tang dynasties has always been engraved in the blood of the Chinese nation, awakening the confidence in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The prosperity of a country and a nation is always supported by cultural prosperity.
In 2020, Komiks Xinjiang Tangjin Textile Co., Ltd. was established in Tumushuke City, a companyThe person in charge Zhang Wenmao said that the reason why it was named “Tang Jin” is that the Tang Jin is gorgeous and grand, with exquisite weaving craftsmanship, engraved with the style of the Tang Dynasty, witnessing the exchange and integration of culture on the Silk Road, and is a peak of Chinese textile technology.
In addition to textile skills, Tangjin Textile Co., Ltd. is also famous for the academy it founded. Zhang Wenmao hired full-time teachers to provide excellent traditional Chinese culture training for employees’ children such as poetry, calligraphy and painting. The fragrance of books is filled with misty, and children recite Tang poetry and practice calligraphy. They are separated by a wall and are mothers who work with peace of mind.
A 11-year-old Aizimati Abudussemimi learned calligraphy for a year in the academy and his skills improved. “Many people asked me to help write Spring Festival couplets during the Spring Festival, and everyone praised me as a ‘little calligrapher’.” He said confidently with his little face raised.
”There is a smile on his face, a light in his eyes, and a dream in his heart. This is the true portrayal of the children of the new era that I saw, nourished by the excellent traditional Chinese culture. “Zhang Wenmao said that when he was happiest, he was listening to his children recite poems and lyrics. At present, 6 Tangjin Academy have been opened in Xinjiang.
Xinjiang is an important force in protecting Chinese civilization and enhancing cultural identity
Looking at Chinese history, there is a rule: if a country is strong, Xinjiang will be safe.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, relatives of foreign power were dictatorial, Wang Mang usurped the government and established the country, and called “New”. As a result, the world was in chaos. The Huns took advantage of the opportunity to “collect taxes and re-engrave” the cities and towns of the Western Regions with force. The latter “thinked about the power of the Han Dynasty, and enjoyed the internal subordinates.” He sent envoys to make contributions many times, begging the Eastern Han government to send the Western Regions to manage the management in accordance with the old system of the Western Han Dynasty. Since then, the Eastern Han Dynasty has worked tirelessly to “three extremes and three connections” and once again unify the Western Regions.
The song and dance drama “Ban Chao” created in Xinjiang tells a vivid and touching historical story: In 76 AD, Ban Chao, who was stationed in Shule, returned to the east under the order. When he arrived in Khotan, “the kings and princes below all cried and said, ‘It is true that they should not go by the Han envoys, who are really moved.'” and asked Ban Chao to stay. Ban Chao decided to return to Shule. He persisted for 31 years, and received stability in the Western Regions.
”Ban Chao is the ‘junction’ connecting the Western Regions and the Central Plains region in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and is a microcosm of the people of the country who have been safe and stable in the past dynasties. It reflects the image of countless striving people who have been rooted in the frontier, willing to contribute, and unite. It also reflects the trust and affection of the people of all ethnic groups in the Western Regions for the Han Central regime.” Chen Wei, the director of “Ban Chao”, still remembers his deep feelings in the creation and arrangement of works.
A strong country will lead to a safe Xinjiang. Therefore, once there is something wrong with the central government, all the cities in the Western Regions will try their best to save each other.
After the Anshi Rebellion, King Yuchi Sheng of Khotan personally led 5,000 Khotan children to enter the pass to participate in the fight against the rebellion. “New Book of Tang” records a touching scene at that time: “An Lushan rebelled, and his brother Yao took charge of national affairs and led 5,000 troops to the difficulties. The people of the country stayed and won, and took the girl as their qualities…” At that time, the people of Khotan were reluctant to leave Yuchi Sheng. In order to show that he had a determination to return to his hometown, he specially kept his daughter. But Yuchi Sheng has always followed Emperor Tang since then, giving the throne to his younger brother, and never returned to Yutian.
In 757 AD, Uighur GeBabaylan Lekhan also sent his eldest son Ye Hu to lead his army to help the Tang Dynasty quell the Anshi Rebellion. When Ye Hu met with Emperor Suzong of Tang, the eldest son of Emperor Suzong of Tang, King Guangping, King Guangping wanted to hold a banquet for him. Ye Hu said: “In the country is in trouble, we come from afar to help each other, so why not eat!” A year later, the Tang army recovered Chang’an with the support of the Uighur army. After the Anshi Rebellion was quelled, Emperor Suzong of Tang sighed: “A thousand miles away from the boundaries, one virtue is united, and it is unprecedented to seek ancient and modern times.”
The Anshi Rebellion was finally quelled, and the troops from the frontier made great contributions. In his poem “Two Poems of the Soldiers Passing in Anxi to Guanzhong” Du Fu praised: “There are no surprises, and thousands of horses will save the Central Plains. There is no chatting and laughing, and the heart will be the supreme.”
In the long river of history, people of all ethnic groups have jointly created the brilliant Chinese civilization and forged the great Chinese nation. The common belief that the country and the country cannot be divided, the country cannot be chaotic, the nation cannot be dispersed, and the civilization cannot be cut off is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740 AD), when the Turkic Dingli Khan accepted the enthronement of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, he said: “Since his great-grandfather, he has been loyal to the Khan of Heaven, and has contributed to the country every time he conscripted and contributed his efforts to the country… I wish the world to be unified.” In the “Babaylan” diversity, the “one” power is dominated by Cinema. Even in the face of a chaotic world of falling apart, there is still an immortal dawn that always flashes on the horizon of history, pursuing “oneness”, “great unification” and “one of the world”.
Since the late Qing Dynasty, the national strength declined, the great powers coveted it, foreign enemies invaded, Xinjiang was the first to be hit and fell into turmoil.
The sea is flowing, and only then can the true nature of a hero be revealed. From Turpan Emin and Zhuo assisting the Qing army in quelling the rebellion of Hezhuo in all ethnic groups, to the people of all ethnic groups in southern Xinjiang cooperate with the Qing army to capture Zhang Geer, from the Tajik hero Kurchak vowed to the invasion of the Kokhan Khanate to the military and civilians of all ethnic groups to severely crack down on the Aguber invasion army… In the process of resisting foreign aggression, striving for the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation, and safeguarding national unity and territorial integrity, the people of Xinjiang united and united from freedom to consciousness, further deepened the understanding of a community with a shared future for all ethnic groups, and the patriotic spirit with the highest goal of safeguarding the reunification of the motherland has become the psychological identity of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.
”To a deeper level,This is derived from the recognition of Chinese culture and is based on the most instinctive spiritual desires and needs of the Chinese nation. “Wu Xinhua said that the unity of man and nature, respecting heaven and law of ancestors, and the concept of world are distinct cultural characteristics that distinguish Chinese civilization from other civilizations. “Chinese cultural identity transcends regional, rural, hereditary, and religious beliefs, especially when encountering external crises, this cultural identity will burst into strong cohesion. ”
Since its founding, the Communist Party of China has been a loyal successor and promoter of China’s excellent traditional culture.
On October 1, 1949, at the founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China, a young man standing behind Chairman Mao Zedong on the Tiananmen Gate Tower was Sai Fuding from Xinjiang.
Sai Fuding has been cordially received and cared for and protected by Chairman Mao many times. He wrote in his memoirs: “Chairman Mao’s words surprised me and were both excited, and I admire me deeply. What was surprised that he was so familiar with the history of Xinjiang, the history and current situation of the Uyghur people; what was excited was that he made a lot of remarks praising people of all ethnic groups based on a large number of historical facts, which made me even more proud of my identity as a member of the Chinese nation; what was admired was that he regarded the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang as fellow flesh and blood, as his own relatives, and showed the deep affection and affection of the Communists. His love is as bright as gold and as deep as the ocean. How can it not be admired? “Doctor Mao” – This is the common name of all medical staff in Hunan Province in Turpan to Xinjiang. After a Uyghur grandmother in her 90s woke up after having a heart stent surgery, she kept calling the doctor in Hunan to Xinjiang “Doctor Mao”. She said: “You are doctors from Chairman Mao’s hometown and the party is here to take care of us. ”
”Huxiang children are all over the Tianshan Mountains” “Eight thousand Hunan women go to Tianshan Mountains”, Hunan and Xinjiang have a deep love in history. In April 2023, 180 members of the 10th batch of Hunan Province’s Xinjiang aid team came to Turpan, and were in this land with a long history and rich cultural heritage. They deeply felt the historical logic and contemporary significance of the Chinese nation’s sense of community. They decided to polish the “Red Pomegranate” brand and create the “Mao Doctor” brand.
Shibadong Village, Shuanglong Town, Huayuan County, Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, and Xincheng Ximen Village, Xincheng District, Yaer Town, Gaochang District, Turpan City, are places where General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected. Under the promotion of the Hunan Xinjiang aid team, Xincheng West Mencun and Shibadong Village are paired up to build a demonstration site for rural revitalization in Turpan. Entering Ximen Village in Xincheng, the streets are clean, the houses are smug, and there are laughter and joy on the basketball court. Villager Wumaier Maimat opened a “mendong shop”, the name of which is taken from the “men” character in Ximen Village in Xincheng and the “dong” character in Shibadong Village.
Thousands of mountains and rivers, thousands of doors, and thousands of words are condensed in this small store.
The Communist Party of China has led the people to fight for more than a hundred years. Now China is not only the world’s second largest economy, but the vitality and influence of Chinese civilization are also being re-examined by the world, which is a global multi-ethnic group to get out of opposition and integration.Provides Chinese wisdom.
Chinese civilization is the root of the cultures of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, and the sense of community of the Chinese nation is the foundation of national unity. Tracing the origin of Chinese civilization in Xinjiang, we can clearly see the cultural context and historical foundation formed by the Chinese nation community, and we can also clearly see that Chinese culture has always been the emotional support, spiritual destination and spiritual home of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. At present, Xinjiang is taking more tangible and effective measures to promote the forging of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and provide a continuous stream of spiritual motivation for the practice of Chinese-style modern Xinjiang!